Residence planning

Passive-income and financially independent residence

Financially independent residence routes can suit people supporting themselves without taking a local job. The key comparison is how each authority defines acceptable resources and which activities the permit allows.

Guide reviewed 2026-10-08 · Programme snapshots shown individually below

Test the income definition

Prepare a breakdown of dividends, rent, pensions, interest and savings. For each shortlisted route, ask whether the authority accepts that source, what history it expects and whether evidence must show gross or net income. Avoid relying on a converted threshold without checking the official amount in its original currency.

Check the boundary between income and work

Receiving dividends is not the same activity as managing a company day to day. Describe your real role, including client work, directorships and remote employment, when checking the permit. A route marketed as passive-income residence may be a poor fit if you need broad work permission.

Make the move sustainable

Model a lower-income year and a change in exchange rates. Include family costs, insurance and renewal requirements. Review where you will be tax resident and how each income source is treated; immigration approval alone does not settle those questions.

Explore programmes by country

64 directory entries across 60 countries. Active routes are listed first. Suspended routes are labelled separately, and proposed routes appear under Upcoming. Closed routes are omitted. A listing does not confirm current availability or eligibility; follow the official source in each profile.

Active programmes

Portugal →

Panama →

Uruguay →

Cyprus →

Thailand →

Malaysia →

Spain →

Greece →

Italy →

Costa Rica →

Mexico →

Argentina →

Austria →

Bahamas →

Barbados →

Belgium →

Benin →

Bermuda →

Bolivia →

Cayman Islands →

Chile →

Colombia →

Côte d'Ivoire →

Czechia →

Dominican Rep. →

Ecuador →

El Salvador →

  • Rentier Residence

    Snapshot: 2026-10 · Decree 531 replaced 9-month presence rule with 90 days/yr from 31 Mar 2026

France →

Gabon →

Germany →

Gibraltar →

Guatemala →

Honduras →

Indonesia →

Ireland →

Jamaica →

Japan →

Kenya →

Kosovo →

Kuwait →

Lebanon →

Luxembourg →

Monaco →

Montserrat →

Morocco →

Namibia →

Nepal →

Peru →

Rwanda →

Senegal →

Seychelles →

Sint Maarten →

South Africa →

Tunisia →

Turks and Caicos Islands →

Vanuatu →

Venezuela →

  • Transient Visa – Rentista

    Snapshot: 2026-10 · Formally open; post-Jan-2026 political transition, sanctions only partly eased – not recommended

Zimbabwe →

Changes or availability under review

Paraguay →

  • Temporary Residence

    Snapshot: 2026-10 · DNM Res. 407/2026 tightened solvency proof for conversion to permanent residence (filings from 6 Jul 2026)

Suspended programmes

Applications are paused. Check the authority’s guidance before making plans.

Nicaragua →

  • Rentier Residence

    Snapshot: 2026-10 · Reportedly closed to new applicants since mid-2026 (unconfirmed)

Common questions

Are savings and passive income interchangeable?

Use the programme’s official evidence rules. Some routes describe income, others resources or assets; the labels should not be treated as interchangeable.

Can I keep running my company abroad?

Check both the permit conditions and the business consequences of managing it from the destination. Get advice based on the activities you will actually perform.

Sources and scope

General planning information, not personalised tax, immigration or investment advice. The programme directory reflects recorded snapshots; the guide review date does not mean every programme has been reverified.

  • A residence permit or passport does not by itself establish tax residence. Countries may use physical presence, a home, family or economic ties. Read the country-specific tests in each profile; there is no universal 183-day exemption. Where two countries claim residence, the applicable treaty may apply tie-breaker tests.
  • OECD: residence and citizenship by investment
  • Country-specific application sources are linked on each programme profile.

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